系列文章目录

Flink第一章:环境搭建
Flink第二章:基本操作.
Flink第三章:基本操作(二)
Flink第四章:水位线和窗口
Flink第五章:处理函数
Flink第六章:多流操作
Flink第七章:状态编程

文章目录

系列文章目录
前言
一、Keyed State(按键分区)
- 1.KeyedStateTest.scala
- 2.PeriodicPVExample.scala
- 3.TwoStreamJoinExample.scala
- 4.FakeWindowExample.scala
- 5.AverageTimestampExample.scala
二、Operator State(算子状态)
- 1.BufferingSinkExample.scala
三、Broadcast State(广播状态)
- 1.BroadcastStateExample.scala
总结

前言

这次我们来学习Flink中的状态学习部分,创建以下scala文件
在这里插入图片描述

一、Keyed State(按键分区)

scala_22">1.KeyedStateTest.scala

这个文件里有几个常用的状态创建

package com.atguigu.chapter06

import com.atguigu.chapter02.Source.{ClickSource, Event}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.{AggregateFunction, ReduceFunction, RichFlatMapFunction}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state._
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector

object KeyedStateTest {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    env.addSource(new ClickSource)
      .assignAscendingTimestamps(_.timestamp)
      .keyBy(_.user)
      .flatMap(new MyFlatMap)

    env.execute()

  }

  class MyFlatMap extends RichFlatMapFunction[Event, String] {
    // 定义状态
    var valueState: ValueState[Event] = _
    var listState: ListState[Event] = _
    var mapState: MapState[String, Long] = _
    var reduceState:ReducingState[Event]= _
    var aggState:AggregatingState[Event,String]= _

    override def open(parameters: Configuration): Unit = {
      valueState = getRuntimeContext.getState(new ValueStateDescriptor[Event]("my-value", classOf[Event]))
      listState = getRuntimeContext.getListState(new ListStateDescriptor[Event]("my-list", classOf[Event]))
      mapState = getRuntimeContext.getMapState(new MapStateDescriptor[String, Long]("my-map", classOf[String], classOf[Long]))

      reduceState=getRuntimeContext.getReducingState(new ReducingStateDescriptor[Event]("my-reduce",
        new ReduceFunction[Event] {
          override def reduce(t: Event, t1: Event): Event = Event(t.user,t.url,t1.timestamp)
        },classOf[Event]
      ))

      aggState=getRuntimeContext.getAggregatingState(new AggregatingStateDescriptor[Event,Long,String]("my-agg",
        new AggregateFunction[Event,Long,String] {
          override def createAccumulator(): Long = 0L

          override def add(in: Event, acc: Long): Long = acc+1

          override def getResult(acc: Long): String = "当前聚合状态为:"+acc.toString

          override def merge(acc: Long, acc1: Long): Long = ???
        },classOf[Long]
      ))

    }

    override def flatMap(in: Event, collector: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      // 对状态进行操作
      println("值状态为:" + valueState.value())
      valueState.update(in)
      println("值状态为:" + valueState.value())

      listState.add(in)
      println("------------")
      val count: Long =if (mapState.contains(in.user)) mapState.get(in.user) else 0
      mapState.put(in.user,count+1)
      println(s"用户 ${in.user} 的访问频次为: ${mapState.get(in.user)}")
      println("-------------")
      reduceState.add(in)
      println(reduceState.get())

      println("-------------")
      aggState.add(in)
      println(aggState.get())

      println("=================")

    }
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

scala_109">2.PeriodicPVExample.scala

按键分区中值状态编程案例

我们这里会使用用户 id 来进行分流，然后分别统计每个用户的 pv 数据，由于我们并不想每次 pv 加一，就将统计结果发送到下游去，所以这里我们注册了一个定时器，用来隔一段时间发送 pv 的统计结果，这样对下游算子的压力不至于太大。具体实现方式是定义一个用来保存定时器时间戳的值状态变量。当定时器触发并向下游发送数据以后，便清空储存定时器时间戳的状态变量，这样当新的数据到来时，发现并没有定时器存在，就可以注册新的定时器了，注册完定时器之后将定时器的时间戳继续保存在状态变量中。

package com.atguigu.chapter06

import com.atguigu.chapter02.Source.{ClickSource, Event}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.{ValueState, ValueStateDescriptor}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.KeyedProcessFunction
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector

object PeriodicPVExample {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    env.addSource(new ClickSource)
      .assignAscendingTimestamps(_.timestamp)
      .keyBy(_.user)
      .process(new PeriodicPv)
      .print()

    env.execute()
  }

  class PeriodicPv extends KeyedProcessFunction[String, Event, String] {
    // 定义值状态,保存当前用户的pv数据
    lazy val countState: ValueState[Long] = getRuntimeContext.getState(new ValueStateDescriptor[Long]("count", classOf[Long]))

    //定义值状态,保存定时器的时间戳
    lazy val timerTsState: ValueState[Long] = getRuntimeContext.getState(new ValueStateDescriptor[Long]("time-Ts", classOf[Long]))
    
    override def processElement(value: Event, ctx: KeyedProcessFunction[String, Event, String]#Context, out: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      // 每来一个数据,就将状态中的count+1
      val count: Long = countState.value()
      countState.update(count + 1)

      // 注册定时器,每隔10秒输出一次统计结果
      if (timerTsState.value() == 0L) {
        ctx.timerService().registerEventTimeTimer(value.timestamp + 10 * 1000L)
        //更新状态
        timerTsState.update(value.timestamp + 10 * 1000L)
      }
    }

    // 定时器触发
    override def onTimer(timestamp: Long, ctx: KeyedProcessFunction[String, Event, String]#OnTimerContext, out: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      out.collect(s"用户 ${ctx.getCurrentKey}的pv值为:${countState.value()}")
      // 清理状态
      timerTsState.clear()
    }
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述
10s统计一次,并且不断累加,有点像全局窗口.

scala_170">3.TwoStreamJoinExample.scala

列表状态编程

SELECT * FROM A INNER JOIN B WHERE A.id = B.id；
这样一条 SQL 语句要慎用，因为 Flink 会将 A 流和 B 流的所有数据都保存下来，然后进行 join。不过在这里我们可以用列表状态变量来实现一下这个 SQL 语句的功能。

scala">package com.atguigu.chapter06

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.{ListState, ListStateDescriptor}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.co.CoProcessFunction
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector

object TwoStreamJoinExample {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    val stream1: DataStream[(String, String, Long)] = env.fromElements(
      ("a","stream-1",1000L),
      ("b","stream-1",2000L),
    ).assignAscendingTimestamps(_._3)

    val stream2: DataStream[(String, String, Long)] = env.fromElements(
      ("a","stream-2",3000L),
      ("b","stream-2",4000L),
    ).assignAscendingTimestamps(_._3)

    // 连接两条流进行Join操作
    stream1.keyBy(_._1)
      .connect(stream2.keyBy(_._1))
      .process(new TwoStreamJoin)
      .print()

    env.execute()
  }

  class TwoStreamJoin extends CoProcessFunction[(String, String, Long),(String, String, Long),String] {
    // 定义列表状态,保存流中已经到达的数据
    lazy val stream1ListState: ListState[(String, String, Long)] = getRuntimeContext.getListState(new ListStateDescriptor[(String, String, Long)]("stream1-list", classOf[(String, String, Long)]))
    lazy val stream2ListState: ListState[(String, String, Long)] = getRuntimeContext.getListState(new ListStateDescriptor[(String, String, Long)]("stream2-list", classOf[(String, String, Long)]))


    override def processElement1(value1: (String, String, Long), ctx: CoProcessFunction[(String, String, Long), (String, String, Long), String]#Context, out: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      // 直接添加到列表状态中
      stream1ListState.add(value1)
      //遍历另一条流中已经到达的数据,输出配对信心
      import scala.collection.convert.ImplicitConversions._
      for (value2<-stream2ListState.get()){
        out.collect(value1+"=>"+value2)
      }

    }

    override def processElement2(value2: (String, String, Long), ctx: CoProcessFunction[(String, String, Long), (String, String, Long), String]#Context, out: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      // 直接添加到列表状态中
      stream2ListState.add(value2)
      //遍历另一条流中已经到达的数据,输出配对信心
      import scala.collection.convert.ImplicitConversions._
      for (value1<-stream1ListState.get()){
        out.collect(value1+"=>"+value2)
      }
    }
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

scala_239">4.FakeWindowExample.scala

映射状态编程

映射状态的用法和 Java 中的 HashMap 很相似。在这里我们可以通过 MapState 的使用来探
索一下窗口的底层实现，也就是我们要用映射状态来完整模拟窗口的功能。这里我们模拟一个
滚动窗口。我们要计算的是每一个 url 在每一个窗口中的 pv 数据。我们之前使用增量聚合和
全窗口聚合结合的方式实现过这个需求。这里我们用 MapState 再来实现一下。

scala">package com.atguigu.chapter06

import com.atguigu.chapter02.Source.{ClickSource, Event}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.{MapState, MapStateDescriptor}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.KeyedProcessFunction
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector

object FakeWindowExample {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    env.addSource(new ClickSource)
      .assignAscendingTimestamps(_.timestamp)
      .keyBy(_.url)
      .process(new FakeWindow(10000L)) //10秒的滚动窗口
      .print()

    env.execute()
  }

  class FakeWindow(size:Long) extends KeyedProcessFunction[String,Event,String]{
    //定义一个映射状态,用来保存一个窗口的pv值
    lazy val windowMapSate: MapState[Long, Long] = getRuntimeContext.getMapState(new MapStateDescriptor[Long, Long]("window-pv", classOf[Long], classOf[Long]))

    override def processElement(value: Event, ctx: KeyedProcessFunction[String, Event, String]#Context, out: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      //集散当前数据落入窗口的启示时间戳
      val start: Long = value.timestamp / size * size
      val end: Long = start + size

      // 注册一个定时器,用力触发窗口计算
      ctx.timerService().registerEventTimeTimer(end-1)

      // 更新状态 count+1
      if (windowMapSate.contains(start)){
        val pv: Long = windowMapSate.get(start)
        windowMapSate.put(start,pv+1)
      } else {
        windowMapSate.put(start,1L)
      }
    }


    override def onTimer(timestamp: Long, ctx: KeyedProcessFunction[String, Event, String]#OnTimerContext, out: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      // 定时器触发,窗口输出结果
      val start: Long = timestamp + 1 - size

      val pv: Long = windowMapSate.get(start)

      // 窗口输出结果
      out.collect(s"url: ${ctx.getCurrentKey} 浏览量为: ${pv} 窗口为:${start}-${start+size}")

      //窗口销毁
      windowMapSate.remove(start)

    }
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

scala_310">5.AverageTimestampExample.scala

聚合状态编程

我们举一个简单的例子，对用户点击事件流每 5 个数据统计一次平均时间戳。这是一个类似计数窗口（CountWindow）求平均值的计算，这里我们可以使用一个有聚合状态的
RichFlatMapFunction 来实现。

scala">package com.atguigu.chapter06

import com.atguigu.chapter02.Source.{ClickSource, Event}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.{AggregateFunction, RichFlatMapFunction}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.{AggregatingState, AggregatingStateDescriptor, ValueState, ValueStateDescriptor}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector

object AverageTimestampExample {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    val stream: DataStream[Event] = env.addSource(new ClickSource)
      .assignAscendingTimestamps(_.timestamp)

    stream
      .keyBy(_.url)
      .flatMap(new AvgTimestamp)
      .print("input")

    stream.print("input")



    env.execute()
  }

  class AvgTimestamp extends RichFlatMapFunction[Event, String] {
    // 定义一个聚合状态
    lazy val avgTsAggState: AggregatingState[Event, Long] = getRuntimeContext.getAggregatingState(new AggregatingStateDescriptor[Event, (Long, Long), Long](
      "avg-ts",
      new AggregateFunction[Event, (Long, Long), Long] {
        override def createAccumulator(): (Long, Long) = (0L, 0L)

        override def add(in: Event, acc: (Long, Long)): (Long, Long) = (acc._1 + in.timestamp, acc._2 + 1)

        override def getResult(acc: (Long, Long)): Long = acc._1 / acc._2

        override def merge(acc: (Long, Long), acc1: (Long, Long)): (Long, Long) = ???
      },
      classOf[(Long,Long)]
    ))

    // 定义一个值状态,保存当前到达的数据个数

    lazy val countState: ValueState[Long] = getRuntimeContext.getState(new ValueStateDescriptor[Long]("count", classOf[Long]))

    override def flatMap(in: Event, collector: Collector[String]): Unit = {
      avgTsAggState.add(in)

      // 更新count值
      val count: Long = countState.value()
      countState.update(count+1)

      if (countState.value()==5){
        collector.collect(s"${in.user}的平均时间戳为: ${avgTsAggState.get()}")
        countState.clear()
      }
    }
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

二、Operator State(算子状态)

scala_389">1.BufferingSinkExample.scala

在下面的例子中，自定义的 SinkFunction 会在CheckpointedFunction 中进行数据缓存，然后统一发送到下游。这个例子演示了列表状态的平均分割重组（event-split redistribution）。

scala">package com.atguigu.chapter06

import com.atguigu.chapter02.Source.{ClickSource, Event}
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.{ListState, ListStateDescriptor}
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.{FunctionInitializationContext, FunctionSnapshotContext}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.checkpoint.CheckpointedFunction
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.SinkFunction
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._

import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer

object BufferingSinkExample {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    env.addSource(new ClickSource)
      .assignAscendingTimestamps(_.timestamp)
      .addSink(new BufferingSink(10))

    env.execute()

  }

  // 实现自定义SinkFunction
  class BufferingSink(threshold: Int) extends SinkFunction[Event] with CheckpointedFunction {
    // 定义列表状态,保存要缓冲的数据
    var bufferedState: ListState[Event] = _
    // 定义本地变量列表
    val bufferedList: ListBuffer[Event] = ListBuffer[Event]()

    override def invoke(value: Event, context: SinkFunction.Context): Unit = {
      // 缓冲数据
      bufferedList+=value

      // 判断是否达到阈值
      if (bufferedList.size==threshold){
        // 输出到外部系统,打印
        bufferedList.foreach(data=>println(data))
        println("=======输出完毕==============")

        // 清空缓冲
        bufferedList.clear()
      }
    }

    override def snapshotState(context: FunctionSnapshotContext): Unit = {
      // 清空状态
      bufferedState.clear()
      for (data <- bufferedList){
        bufferedState.add(data)
      }
    }

    override def initializeState(context: FunctionInitializationContext): Unit = {
      bufferedState = context.getOperatorStateStore.getListState(new ListStateDescriptor[Event]("buffered-list", classOf[Event]))
      // 判断如果是从故障中恢复,那么就将状态中的数据添加到局部变量中
      if (context.isRestored) {
        import scala.collection.convert.ImplicitConversions._
        for (data <- bufferedState.get()) {
          bufferedList += data
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

三、Broadcast State(广播状态)

scala_464">1.BroadcastStateExample.scala

行为匹配案例

scala">package com.atguigu.chapter06

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.{BroadcastState, MapStateDescriptor, ReadOnlyBroadcastState, ValueState, ValueStateDescriptor}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.BroadcastStream
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.co.KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector

// 声明样例类
case class Action(userid: String, action: String)

case class Pattern(action1: String, action2: String)

object BroadcastStateExample {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val env: StreamExecutionEnvironment = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    env.setParallelism(1)

    // 定义数据流
    val actionStream: DataStream[Action] = env.fromElements(
      Action("Alice", "login"),
      Action("Alice", "pay"),
      Action("Bob", "login"),
      Action("Bob", "buy")
    )

    // 定义模式流,读取指定的行为模式
    val patternStream: DataStream[Pattern] = env.fromElements(
      Pattern("login", "pay"),
      Pattern("login", "buy")
    )

    // 定义广播状态的描述器
    val patterns = new MapStateDescriptor[Unit, Pattern]("patterns", classOf[Unit], classOf[Pattern])
    val broadcastStream: BroadcastStream[Pattern] = patternStream.broadcast(patterns)

    // 连接两条流,进行处理
    actionStream.keyBy(_.userid)
      .connect(broadcastStream)
      .process(new PatternEvaluation)
      .print()

    env.execute()
  }

  // 实现自定义的KeyedbroadcastProcessFunction
  class PatternEvaluation extends KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction[String,Action,Pattern,(String,Pattern)]{
    // 定义值状态,保存上一次用户行为
    lazy val prevActionState: ValueState[String] = getRuntimeContext.getState(new ValueStateDescriptor[String]("prev-action", classOf[String]))

    override def processElement(value: Action, ctx: KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction[String, Action, Pattern, (String, Pattern)]#ReadOnlyContext, out: Collector[(String, Pattern)]): Unit = {
      // 从广播状态中获取行为数据
      val pattern= ctx.getBroadcastState(new MapStateDescriptor[Unit, Pattern]("patterns", classOf[Unit], classOf[Pattern]))
        .get(Unit)

      // 从值状态中获取上次的行为
      val prevAction: String = prevActionState.value()

      if (pattern != null && prevAction != null){
        if (pattern.action1==prevAction && pattern.action2==value.action){
          out.collect((ctx.getCurrentKey,pattern))
        }
      }


      // 保存状态
      prevActionState.update(value.action)
    }

    override def processBroadcastElement(value: Pattern, ctx: KeyedBroadcastProcessFunction[String, Action, Pattern, (String, Pattern)]#Context, out: Collector[(String, Pattern)]): Unit = {
      val bcState: BroadcastState[Unit, Pattern] = ctx.getBroadcastState(new MapStateDescriptor[Unit, Pattern]("patterns", classOf[Unit], classOf[Pattern]))

      bcState.put(Unit,value)
    }
  }
}