需求：
        数据集的数据增强中，有时需要用到图像垂直翻转的操作，图像垂直翻转后，对应的xml标注文件也需要做坐标的调整。
 
解决方法：
        使用python+opencv+import xml.etree.ElementTree对图像垂直翻转和xml标注文件坐标调整。代码如下：

import cv2
import os
import glob
import xml.etree.ElementTree as et


def flip_images(source_dir):
    images_list = glob.glob(os.path.join(source_dir, "*.jpg"))
    index = 0
    for image_path in images_list:
        image = cv2.imread(image_path)
        flip_image = cv2.flip(image,0)
        cv2.imwrite(image_path.replace(".jpg", "_flip.jpg"), flip_image)
        tree_ = et.ElementTree()
        tree_.parse(image_path.replace(".jpg", ".xml"))

        root = et.Element("annotation")
        folder = et.SubElement(root, "folder")
        folder.text = "images"
        filename = et.SubElement(root, "filename")
        filename.text = tree_.find(".//filename").text.replace(".jpg", "_flip.jpg")
        path = et.SubElement(root, "path")
        path.text = "/home/mapgoo/test"
        source = et.SubElement(root, "source")
        database = et.SubElement(source, "database")
        database.text = "Unknown"
        size = et.SubElement(root, "size")
        width = et.SubElement(size, "width")
        width.text = tree_.find(".//width").text
        height = et.SubElement(size, "height")
        height.text = tree_.find(".//height").text
        depth = et.SubElement(size, "depth")
        depth.text = "3"
        segmented = et.SubElement(root, "segmented")
        segmented.text = "0"

        for bndbox in tree_.findall(".//object"):
            xmin = bndbox.find(".//xmin")
            ymin = bndbox.find(".//ymin")
            xmax = bndbox.find(".//xmax")
            ymax = bndbox.find(".//ymax")
            xmin_text = xmin.text
            ymin_text = ymin.text
            xmax_text = xmax.text
            ymax_text = ymax.text

            object_ = et.SubElement(root, "object")
            name = et.SubElement(object_, "name")
            name.text = bndbox.find("name").text
            pose = et.SubElement(object_, "pose")
            pose.text = "Unspecified"
            truncated = et.SubElement(object_, "truncated")
            truncated.text = "0"
            difficult = et.SubElement(object_, "difficult")
            difficult.text = "0"
            bndbox = et.SubElement(object_, "bndbox")
            xmin = et.SubElement(bndbox, "xmin")
            xmin.text = xmin_text
            ymin = et.SubElement(bndbox, "ymin")
            ymin.text = str(image.shape[0] - int(ymax_text))
            xmax = et.SubElement(bndbox, "xmax")
            xmax.text = xmax_text
            ymax = et.SubElement(bndbox, "ymax")
            ymax.text = str(image.shape[0] - int(ymin_text))

        tree = et.ElementTree(root)
        tree.write(image_path.replace(".jpg", "_flip.xml"), encoding="utf-8")
        print(image_path, index)
        index += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    source_dir = "/home/Desktop/test"
    flip_images(source_dir)

 使用以上代码需要修改原图像和标注文件所在文件夹路径（source_dir）。亲测可用。